Antidetonating agent and motor fuel containing same



Pam... Feb. 7, 1239 .ANTIDETONATING AGENT AND I010. FUEL CONTAINING sun:

Carl F. Prutton, W Heights, and new a.

Frey, East Cleveland, Ohio, adgncrs to The Lnbri-zol Corporation,

poratlon of Ohio Wlekllffe, Ohio, a cor N o Drawing. Application Octob'er :1, ms, j Serial No. mm

Claims. (c1. 44-

This invention relates as indicated to antidetonating agents for motor fuels and fuels containing such agents and pertains more specifically to improvements in certain types of such com- 5 pounds which, while anti-detonatin'g properties, have not been commercially on-account of certai'n undesirable characteristics possessed thereby.

' More specifically, this invention relates to antil0 detonating or anti-knock" agents for motor fuels and motor fluels'containing the same of the class generally representedby certain iron and nickel compounds which, while anti-detonating properties, are subject to a decided disadvantage, namely the precipitation of such metals in the-form of insoluble compounds.

It is the principal objectv of this invention, therefore, to-make available for practical commercial usage such anti-detonating'compounds go which, on account of the named undesirable characteristics, have heretofore not'been extensively used commercially.

Other objects of our invention will appear as the description proceeds. To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists of the means hereinafter fully describedand particularly pointed out in the claims, the following de-' scription setting forth in detail one approved combination of ingredients emb y n our invention; such disclosed means constituting, however, but one of various forms in which the principle of the invention may be used. This invention may be broadly-stated as comprising the discovery that certain materials here'- iriafter more specifically identified vare eifectivewhen used in conjunction with -detonating compounds of the type represente by iron car-J -.bonyl'and nickel carbonyl in inhibiting the pre-- m cipitation of the metals from compositions containing such compounds.

The metal compounds of the type above re-' ferred to, for example, iron carbonyl, when added to a motor fuel in amounts effective to inhibit the 3 detonating effect of such fuel, e. g., from oneto four grams per gallon,-will be precipitated from such fuel, probably in the form-of iron hydroxide or oxide, particularly upon exposure to actinic rays, and air or other oxidizing agents. Such precipitation will also take place when the metal compounds are stored in the form of concen-' v trated solutions, for example. 50%v in solvents such as kerosene.v

We have discovered that by usingin conjunction with agents such'as iron arly useful.

carbonyl and nickel carbonyl, minor amounts of a compound of the class consisting of hydroxy ethers (condensed polyhydric alcohols) and esters of such ethers such as a fatty acid ester of a di-hydric ether, for example, an amount equivas lent to from one-fifth to four-fifths of the weight of the metal carbonyl, the previously mentioned tendency of such compounds to precipitate is inhibited to such an extent that any precipitation which does take place is .no longer objectionable. 10

One of the most 'eifeetive of the fatty acid esters of di-hydric ethers is di-glycol steal-ate.

This compound is available upon the commercial market at a price which permits its economic use in the above described compositions. The com- 15 mercial supply consists of a mixture of the monoand di-esters and such a mixture is satisfactory for the desired purpose.

The di-glycol stearate is a solid at ordinary temperatures and, while not sufficiently soluble go in the kerosene or similar concentrated solution above referred to, to form a'true solution in the amount required, will, nevertheless, form a stable type of suspension if subjected to ordinary mixing means and particularly if p through a 5 homogenizing device such as that disclosed in Cornell Patent No. 2,042,880.

The concentrated solution containing the diglycol stearate may be stored as such and used when required by mixing in the proper propor- 30 ether or di-ethylene glycol. .This resultant compound may then be esterified by treating with a fatty acid such as stearic acid and a product is obtained, generally consisting of a mixture of the monoand di-esters, for example, di-glycol-stea- 5 rates. It is to be understood. hbwever, that this invention is not limited by any particular proceas of forming the addition agent nor'restricted by any explanation or theory as to'the manner in which'the desired effect is obtained. 50

The motor fuels to which the improved antidetonatihg agent may be added may be any of the usualhydrocarbonfuels of mineral origin, suchasgasoline,kercsene,etc.,ormaybeother typesoffneisnchasalcoholaethaaetc or mixtures of the latter compounds with hydrocarbon fuels.

The amounts to be added depend upon the characteristic anti-detonating tendency of the fuel and where the concentrated solution contains about 50% by weight of the metal carbonyl, the amount added may range from about onehalf cubic centimeter per gallon of fuel to about fifteen cubic centimeters per gallon of fuel.

A solution containing about 40% kerosene,

about 40% iron carbonyl, and about 20% di-' glycol stearate, when added on the order of four cubic centimeters per gallon of gasoline having an octane rating of about sixty-five, was found to produce a very satisfactory anti-detonating fuel.

Other .modes of applying the principle of our invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the materials employed in carrying out the process, provided the ingredient or ingredients stated in any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated ingredient or ingredients be employed.

We, therefore, particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention:

1-. An anti-d'etonating agent for addition to internal combustion engine fuels comprising a major proportion of a carbonyl compoundof a metal of the class of iron and nickel and a fatty acid ester of a minor proportion of a poly-hydric ether soluble in the fuel. 7

2. An anti-detonating agent for addition to internal combustion engine fuels comprising the combination of a major proportion of a carbonyl compound of a metal of the class consisting of iron and nickel and a minor proportion of a fatty acid ester of a di-hydric ether soluble in the fuel.

3. An anti-detonating agent for addition to' internal combustion engine fuels comprising a major proportion of a carbonyl compound of a metal of the class consisting of iron and nickel and a minor proportion of a fatty acid ester of glycol ether.

4. An anti-detonating agent for addition to internal combustion engine fuels comprising a major proportion of a carbonyl compound of a metal of the class consisting of iron and nickel and a minor proportion of a long-chain fatty acid ester of di-ethylene glycol.

5. An anti-detonating agent for addition to internal combustion engine fuels comprising a major proportion of iron carbonyl and a minor proportion of di-glycol stearate.

6. An anti-detonating agent for; addition to internal combustion engine fuels comprising a major proportion of nickel carbonyl and a minor proportion of di-glycol stearate. C

7. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon fuelthe anti-detonating properties of which are improved by the addition of minor amounts of nickel carbonyl and fatty acid ester of a poly-hydric ether soluble in the; fuel.

8. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon fuel the anti-detonating properties of which are improved by the addition of minor amounts of iron carbonyl and a fatty acid ester of a poly-hydric ether soluble in the fuel. 70

9. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon fuel the antl-detonating properties of which are unproved by the addition of minor amounts of iron carbonyl and a fatty acid ester of a condensed poly-hydric alcohol soluble in the fuel.

10. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of a light hydrocarbon fuel the anti-detonating properties of which are improved by the addition of minor amounts of nickel carbonyl and di-glycol stearate.

11. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon fuel the'anti-detonating properties of which are improved by the addition of minor amounts of iron carbonyl and di-glycol stearate.

12. An internal combustion engine fuel com-.

prising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon fuel the anti-detonating properties of which are improved by the addition of about four cubic centimeters per gallon of a concentrate containing about 40% solvent, 40% iron carbonyl, and 20% di-glycol stearate by weight.

13. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon fuel the anti-detonating properties of which are improved by the addition of one-half to fifteen cubic centimeters of an anti-knock concentrate containing about 50% by weight of iron carbonyl and from about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight of di-glycol stearate per gallon of fuel.

14. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon fuel the anti-detonating properties of which are improved by the addition of one-half to fifteen cubic centimeters of an anti-knock concentrate con* taining about 50% by weight of nickel carbonyl and from about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight of di-glycol stearate, per gallon of fuel.

15. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising a major proportion of gasoline the antidetonating properties of which are improved by the addition of minor amounts of iron carbonyl and di-glycol stearate.

16. As a'new composition of matter, a concentrate suitable for use as an anti-detonating addition agent to motor fuels comprising a major proportion of alight solvent and a minor proportion each of a carbonyl compound of a metal of the class consisting of iron and nickel and a fatty acid ester of a poly-hydric ether soluble in the fuel.

17, As a new composition of "matter, a concentrate suitable for use as an anti-detonati'ng addition agent to hydrocarbon motor fuels comprising a major proportion of a light hydrocarbon solvent and a minor proportion each of a carbonyl compound of a metal of the class consisting of iron and nickel and di-glycol stearate.

18. The method of inhibiting the precipitation of iron and nickel compounds in a motor fuel when such fuel contains a carbonyl compound of a metal of the class consisting of iron and nickel which comprises dissolving therein minor amounts of'a fatty acid ester of a di-hydric ether.

19. The method of stabilizing a motor fuel dissolving therein minor amounts of di-glycol stearate.

CARL F. PRUTTON. DELTON R. FREY.

CERTIFICATE O F CORRECTION. ,Patent NO" 2,1l .5, 389.v February 7,1959.

CARL F, PRUTTON, ET AL.

It is-hereby certifiet} that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correctiop as follows Page 2,if1rst coltmh, line 29, claim 1 strike out the words ".a minor proportion of" and insert the same after "arid" sec ohd occurrence, in line 28, same claim; and

that the said Letters Patent "should be'read with this correction therein that the same ma conform to the record of the case in the Patent ornc. J igned an ..a ea1ed th 1 a 28th day of March, A. D 1939. I

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

